Hydrodynamic and phylogenetic aspects of the adipose fin in fishes

نویسنده

  • T. E. Reimchen
چکیده

The adipose fin on fishes is a highly conserved and enigmatic, small, non-rayed fin that has persisted from the Mesozoic on some basal teleosts such as salmonids. Using juvenile steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), ranging from 5 to 18 cm standard length, we experimentally test the effects of adipose fin removal on swimming performance in a variable velocity flow chamber and quantify, with seven independent trials, amplitude and frequency of caudal fin movement at multiple flow velocities (range 10–39 cm·s–1). Results demonstrate that adipose fin removal on smolts produces an average 8% (range –3% to 23%) increase in caudal fin amplitude relative to unclipped fish across all velocities. However, we observed no effects in trials with smaller fish (<7 cm) or larger fish (>12 cm). Consistent with speculations in the literature, our results show that the adipose fin may function to control vortices enveloping the caudal fin during swimming or, alternatively, function as a passive precaudal sensor of turbulent flow. Phylogenetic persistence of this trait among multiple groups of early bony fishes is probably due to its hydrodynamic attributes rather than developmental constraints, and the current widespread practice in fisheries of removing the adipose fin as a marking technique may have significant biological costs. Résumé : La nageoire adipeuse chez les poissons est une petite nageoire sans rayons qui est énigmatique, mais fortement conservée au cours de l’évolution, car elle persiste depuis le mésozoïque chez quelques téléostéens primitifs, tels que les salmonidés. Nous avons vérifié expérimentalement les effets de l’ablation de la nageoire adipeuse sur la performance de la nage chez de jeunes truites arc-en-ciel anadromes, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), de longueur standard de 5 à 18 cm dans une enceinte à débit variable; nous avons quantifié, dans sept essais indépendants, l’amplitude et la fréquence des mouvements de la nageoire caudale dans une gamme de plusieurs vitesses de courant (étendue 10–39 cm·s–1). Les résultats indiquent que l’ablation de la nageoire adipeuse chez les saumoneaux cause un accroissement moyen de 8 % (étendue de –3 % à 23 %) de l’amplitude du mouvement de la nageoire caudale, par comparaison à des poissons ayant conservé leur nageoire adipeuse, et ce à toutes les vitesses de courant. Cependant, il n’y a aucun effet discernable chez les poissons plus petits (<7 cm) ou plus grands (>12 cm). En accord avec les spéculations trouvées dans la littérature, nos résultats montrent que la nageoire adipeuse peut servir à contrôler les tourbillons qui entourent la nageoire caudale durant la nage; elle peut aussi servir de senseur passif du débit turbulent en position pré-caudale. La persistance au cours de l’évolution de ce caractère chez de nombreux groupes de poissons osseux primitifs s’explique probablement par ses qualités hydrodynamiques, plutôt que par des contraintes de développement. La pratique courante et répandue d’enlever la nageoire adipeuse comme technique de marquage peut probablement entraîner des coûts biologiques significatifs. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Reimchen and Temple 916

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

The origins of adipose fins: an analysis of homoplasy and the serial homology of vertebrate appendages.

Adipose fins are appendages found on the dorsal midline between the dorsal and caudal fins in more than 6000 living species of teleost fishes. It has been consistently argued that adipose fins evolved once and have been lost repeatedly across teleosts owing to limited function. Here, we demonstrate that adipose fins originated repeatedly by using phylogenetic and anatomical evidence. This sugge...

متن کامل

Experimental Hydrodynamics and Evolution: Function of Median Fins in Ray-finned Fishes.

The median fins of fishes consist of the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins and have long been thought to play an important role in generating locomotor force during both steady swimming and maneuvering. But the orientations and magnitudes of these forces, the mechanisms by which they are generated, and how fish modulate median fin forces have remained largely unknown until the recent advent of Digi...

متن کامل

First description of a musculoskeletal linkage in an adipose fin: innovations for active control in a primitively passive appendage

Adipose fins are enigmatic appendages found between the dorsal and caudal fins of some teleostean fishes. Long thought to be vestigial, degenerate second dorsal fins, remnants of the primitive gnathostome condition, adipose fins have since been recognized as novel morphologies. Unique among the fins of extant fishes, adipose fins have uniformly been described as passive structures, with no asso...

متن کامل

Mechanosensation in an adipose fin.

Adipose fins are found on approximately 20% of ray-finned fish species. The apparently rudimentary anatomy of adipose fins inspired a longstanding hypothesis that these fins are vestigial and lack function. However, adipose fins have evolved repeatedly within Teleostei, suggesting adaptive function. Recently, adipose fins were proposed to function as mechanosensors, detecting fluid flow anterio...

متن کامل

Structure of supporting elements in the dorsal fin of percid fishes.

The dorsal fin is one of the most varied swimming structures in Acanthomorpha, the spiny-finned fishes. This fin can be present as a single contiguous structure supported by bony spines and soft lepidotrichia, or it may be divided into an anterior, spiny dorsal fin and a posterior, soft dorsal fin. The freshwater fish family Percidae exhibits especially great variation in dorsal fin spacing, in...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2004